Lebanon Disarmament Deal: Palestinian Factions Hand Over Heavy Weapons to Lebanese Army in Historic Move

On August 29, 2025, the Times of Israel reported a major breakthrough in Middle East security. In a landmark disarmament deal, Palestinian factions in three southern Lebanon refugee camps surrendered heavy weapons to the Lebanese army. This initiative aims to reduce violence, stabilize Lebanon, and curb the presence of non-state armed groups.

The Camps Involved in the Disarmament

The handover took place in three prominent Palestinian refugee camps in southern Lebanon:

• Rashidieh Camp
• Al-Bass Camp
• Burj al-Shemali Camp

Officials confirmed that six truckloads of weapons were transferred from Rashidieh, while Al-Bass and Burj al-Shemali each delivered one truckload.

A Milestone in Lebanese-Palestinian Relations

The Lebanese-Palestinian Dialogue Committee praised the move, stressing that this was a first step toward broader disarmament across all Palestinian camps.

This initiative follows a May 2025 agreement between Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas and Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, where both leaders committed to reducing armed factions’ influence in refugee camps.

Fatah Leads by Example

Implementation of the deal began earlier when Fatah, the leading faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), voluntarily handed over its weapons in the Burj al-Barajneh camp in Beirut.

Fatah’s cooperation marks a significant gesture of trust between the Palestinian Authority and Lebanese government.

Hamas and Islamic Jihad’s Exclusion

It’s important to note that:

• Hamas and Islamic Jihad are not part of the PLO.
• These factions, closely aligned with Iran-backed Hezbollah, did not participate in the disarmament.

This selective disarmament means that while tensions may reduce, Hezbollah and allied groups still retain significant firepower.

Historical Context of Palestinian Camps in Lebanon

• Lebanon hosts approximately 222,000 Palestinian refugees, according to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA).
• These camps date back to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
• Over decades, they have evolved into hotspots for armed groups and clashes, complicating Lebanon’s fragile sectarian balance.

Why This Disarmament Matters

This disarmament deal is more than symbolic—it is part of Lebanon’s long-term strategy to:

• Strengthen state sovereignty.
• Reduce armed confrontations between factions.
• Prevent spillover from regional conflicts.
• Build stability in southern Lebanon, an area often impacted by cross-border violence.

What Comes Next?

Lebanese authorities confirmed that:

• More camps will be part of the next phase of disarmament.
• The Lebanese army will monitor compliance.
• Implementation will be gradual to prevent power vacuums.

This strategy reflects Lebanon’s broader push to disarm non-state actors and integrate all armed authority under the state.

Global and Regional Impact

Analysts suggest this move could:

• Ease Lebanon-Israel tensions, as southern Lebanon has often been used for cross-border attacks.
• Reduce Iran’s influence in Palestinian refugee camps.
• Provide a confidence-building measure in future Middle East peace negotiations.

However, critics warn that without Hamas and Hezbollah’s participation, the deal might only achieve partial stability.

Conclusion

The Palestinian weapons handover in Lebanon marks a historic milestone in the struggle to balance sovereignty, refugee rights, and security in the region.

If fully implemented, the Lebanon disarmament deal could reshape the security dynamics of southern Lebanon and provide hope for a more stable Middle East.